The Impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 on the Administration of Federal Elections
June 1997
Executive Summary
This document is a report to the United States Congress on the impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) on the administration of elections for federal office during the preceding two-year period, 1995 through 1996.
This second report is based on survey results from 43 States and the District of Columbia. Six (6) States are not included because they are exempt from the provisions of the Act. Vermont is not included because of State constitutional impediments that have delayed full implementation.
General
States reported a total of 142,995,856 registered voters nationwide for 1996, amounting to 72.77 % of the Voting Age Population (VAP). This is the highest percentage of voter registration since reliable records were first available in 1960.
The report also notes that the number of Americans actually voting in 1996 declined by over 5 percentage points from 1992 -- the first presidential election since 1972, when the franchise was extended to 18-21 year olds, that voter registration rose while turnout declined.
According to the highlights of the report, which covers the first two years in which the new law was in effect, during 1995 and 1996:
- There were, in total, 41,452,428 registration applications or transactions processed nationwide.
- Two thirds or 27,485,055 represented new transactions
- There was a 5.2% rate of duplicates.
- The remaining one third of the total transactions, or about 13,967,373, represented changes of name and address.
- A total of 8,723,301 names were deleted from the registration lists under the new lists verification procedures of the law, while another 7,083,794 registrants were declared "inactive" and will be removed after 1998 if they fail to vote in that election.
In summary, the report finds that voter registration in States covered by the NVRA rose in 1996 by 1.82 percentage points -- or some 3,390,000 people -- over 1992, the previous comparable election. It should be noted, however, that the NVRA was in effect for only 22 months or less in the covered States.
Highlights of this Report
Mail Registration
The mail registration provisions of the NVRA caused relatively few problems for the States and accounted for nearly one third of all voter registration applications from 1995 through 1996. This general success of mail registration is traceable in part to the fact that 25 of the 43 States that responded to our survey had already implemented mail registration before the NVRA. Today, all 45 States covered by the NVRA have mail registration. Several of the States were, however, delayed in implementing it well past January of 1995 because of legislative, litigative, or printing problems. By the same token, all 45 States now accept the National voter registration form devised by the Federal Election Commission, as do several States exempt from the Act.
Motor Voter
The motor vehicle provisions of the NVRA appeared to be the easiest for States to implement. This is due in large part to the fact that at least twenty-six (26) States reported that they had conducted some form of motor voter registration program prior to the passage of the NVRA. Motor voter agencies also yielded the highest volume of registration applications among the various agencies mandated by the NVRA, accounting for 33.1% (13,722,000) of the total number of registration applications in the United States during 1995 and 1996.
Agency Registration
Figures provided by forty-one (41) States indicate that over 24,600 separate sites provided agency voter registration opportunities to their clientele during the period covered by this report. Applications received at all agency sites combined represented 11.07% of the total number of registration applications in the United States. Public assistance agencies accounted for 6.28% of this figure; agencies designated by the States accounted for 4.18%; disability service agencies accounted for .43%; and armed forces recruitment offices accounted for .18%.
States had some difficulty in implementing the provision at Section 7 (a)(3)(A) of the Act which requires States to designate offices other than those required by the Act to provide agency voter registration services. Four (4) States reported that they did not designate any agencies to participate in this program. Only twenty-one (21) of the forty-three (43) States responding to the survey reported designating more than one State agency to participate under this provision of the Act. Our survey responses reveal a wide variety of agencies selected by these 21 States.
List Maintenance
The list maintenance provisions of the NVRA grant the States considerable latitude in the routine and systematic methods by which they may ensure the accuracy of their voter registration lists by removing the names of those who are no longer eligible. They also prohibit the States from removing names from the voter registration list merely for failure to vote or for moving within the registrar's jurisdiction. As one might expect, the 45 States covered by this report approached the rather technical and detailed problems of list maintenance quite differently and unevenly.
Fail-safe Provisions
The fail-safe provisions of the NVRA allow States options on where and how registrants who have moved within the registrar's jurisdiction or who have inadvertently been placed on the inactive list may vote. And once again, the States pursued a variety of different approaches to this matter.
Recommendations
The most significant problems reported by the States tended to group into three broad categories. Accordingly, the FEC offers three core recommendations for improving the NVRA:
- that States which do not require all or part of the applicant's social security number voluntarily (1) amend their election codes to require only the last four digits from all new voter registration applicants, and (2) endeavor to obtain that same item of information from all current registered voters;
- that States which have not yet done so voluntarily (1) develop and implement a statewide computerized voter registration database; (2) ensure that all local registration offices are computerized; and (3) link their statewide computerized system, where feasible, with the computerized systems of the collateral public agencies relevant to the NVRA (motor vehicle offices, public assistance offices, etc.); and
that the U.S. Postal Service (1) create a new class of mail for "official election material" that encompasses all mail items requisite to the NVRA and provide the most favorable reduced rates affordable for the first class treatment of such mailings; and (2) provide space in their postal lobbies free of charge to State and local election officials for voter registration material.
Statistical Highlights of the Federal Election Commission Report to the Congress on the Impact of the National Voter Registration Act 1995-1996
The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) requires the Commission to submit to Congress a report assessing the impact of the NVRA on the administration of federal elections during the preceding two year period, and recommending improvements in federal and State procedures, forms, and other matters. This report is due no later than June 30 of each odd-numbered year.
The figures on these pages are based on survey results from 43 States and the District of Columbia. Six States are not included because they are exempt from the provisions of the Act. Vermont is not included because of State constitutional impediments that have delayed full implementation.
Notes on the Data Elements in the First Table
- Data on all States are presented whether or not the State is under the NVRA. The names of the States exempt from the NVRA are presented in italics.
- VAP refers to Voting Age Population. The figures are from the U.S. Bureau of Census Estimated Voting Age Population based on the November 1996 Current Population Survey.
- Registration figures on Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin and Wyoming were obtained from the Voter Registration and Turnout series produced by the Government Division of the Congressional Research Service at the Library of Congress with data provided by Election Data Services.
- Registration figures on the remaining States were provided by the States themselves and may be incomplete owing to incomplete local reporting or because of delays in implementing the NVRA. As a result of this incomplete reporting, the total registration figures for 1996 will in some cases be at variance with 1996 registration figures reported elsewhere by the FEC and by other authoritative sources.
- Registration figures are provided in total registrants as well as in "active" registrants and "inactive" registrants in States that made such a distinction. ("Inactive " registrants are essentially all those that were, based on information provided by the Postal Service, mailed a confirmation notice but neither responded nor offered to vote in the subsequent federal election).
National and State Voting Age Population and Voter Registration 1992-1996
| State | 1992 | 1994 | 1996 |
| ALABAMA | |||
| Total VAP | 3,080,000 | 3,138,000 | 3,220,000 |
| Total Active | 2,306,419 | 2,477,355 | |
| % Active | 73.50% | 76.94% | |
| Total Inactive | 328,639 | 255,234 | |
| Total REG | 2,367,972 | 2,635,058 | 2,732,589 |
| % REG | 76.88% | 83.97% | 84.86% |
| ALASKA | |||
| Total VAP | 405,000 | 429,000 | 425,000 |
| Total Active | 336,226 | 414,815 | |
| % Active | 78.37% | 97.60% | |
| Total Inactive | 54,216 | ||
| Total REG | 315,058 | 336,226 | 469,031 |
| % REG | 77.79% | 78.37% | 110.36% |
| ARIZONA | |||
| Total VAP | 2,812,000 | 2,923,000 | 3,145,000 |
| Total Active | 2,073,442 | 2,247,662 | |
| % Active | 70.94% | 71.47% | |
| Total Inactive | 242,320 | 254,932 | |
| Total REG | 1,964,949 | 2,315,762 | 2,502,594 |
| % REG | 69.88% | 79.23% | 79.57% |
| ARKANSAS | |||
| Total VAP | 1,774,000 | 1,817,000 | 1,873,000 |
| Total Active | 1,274,885 | 1,369,459 | |
| % Active | 70.16% | 73.12% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 1,317,944 | 1,274,885 | 1,369,459 |
| % REG | 74.29% | 70.16% | 73.12% |
| CALIFORNIA | |||
| Total VAP | 22,521,000 | 23,225,000 | 22,826,000 |
| Total Active | 14,723,784 | 15,662,075 | |
| % Active | 63.40% | 68.62% | |
| Total Inactive | 1,025,952 | ||
| Total REG | 15,101,473 | 14,723,784 | 16,688,027 |
| % REG | 67.06% | 63.40% | 73.11% |
| COLORADO | |||
| Total VAP | 2,579,000 | 2,713,000 | 2,862,000 |
| Total Active | 2,033,094 | 1,911,651 | |
| % Active | 74.94% | 66.79% | |
| Total Inactive | 434,602 | ||
| Total REG | 2,003,375 | 2,033,094 | 2,346,253 |
| % REG | 77.68% | 74.94% | 81.98% |
| CONNECTICUT | |||
| Total VAP | 2,508,000 | 2,486,000 | 2,479,000 |
| Total Active | 1,791,685 | 1,881,323 | |
| % Active | 72.07% | 75.89% | |
| Total Inactive | 95,426 | ||
| Total REG | 1,961,503 | 1,791,685 | 1,976,749 |
| % REG | 78.21% | 72.07% | 79.74% |
| DELAWARE | |||
| Total VAP | 521,000 | 534,000 | 548,000 |
| Total Active | 348,122 | 419,508 | |
| % Active | 65.19% | 76.55% | |
| Total Inactive | 18,426 | ||
| Total REG | 342,088 | 348,122 | 401,082 |
| % REG | 65.66% | 65.19% | 73.19% |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | |||
| Total VAP | 467,000 | 452,000 | 422,000 |
| Total Active | 361,890 | 361,419 | |
| % Active | 80.06% | 85.64% | |
| Total Inactive | 34,273 | ||
| Total REG | 340,953 | 361,890 | 395,692 |
| % REG | 73.01% | 80.06% | 93.77% |
| FLORIDA | |||
| Total VAP | 10,422,000 | 10,856,000 | 11,030,000 |
| Total Active | 6,559,598 | 7,484,341 | |
| % Active | 60.42% | 67.85% | |
| Total Inactive | 593,536 | ||
| Total REG | 6,541,825 | 6,559,598 | 8,077,877 |
| % REG | 62.77% | 60.42% | 73.24% |
| GEORGIA | |||
| Total VAP | 5,006,000 | 5,159,000 | 5,418,000 |
| Total Active | 3,003,527 | 3,811,284 | |
| % Active | 58.22% | 70.34% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 3,177,061 | 3,003,527 | 3,811,284 |
| % REG | 63.47% | 58.22% | 70.34% |
| HAWAII | |||
| Total VAP | 866,000 | 900,000 | 890,000 |
| Total Active | 488,889 | 544,916 | |
| % Active | 54.32% | 61.23% | |
| Total Inactive | 61,620 | 17,127 | |
| Total REG | 464,495 | 550,509 | 562,043 |
| % REG | 53.64% | 61.17% | 63.15% |
| IDAHO | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 750,000 | 803,000 | 858,000 |
| Total Active | 625,803 | 700,430 | |
| % Active | 77.93% | 81.64% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 611,121 | 625,803 | 700,430 |
| % REG | 81.48% | 77.93% | 81.64% |
| ILLINOIS | |||
| Total VAP | 8,598,000 | 8,712,000 | 8,754,000 |
| Total Active | 6,119,001 | 6,663,301 | |
| % Active | 70.24% | 76.12% | |
| Total Inactive | 797,513 | ||
| Total REG | 6,600,358 | 6,119,001 | 7,460,814 |
| % REG | 76.77% | 70.24% | 85.23% |
| INDIANA | |||
| Total VAP | 4,209,000 | 4,298,000 | 4,374,000 |
| Total Active | 2,976,255 | 3,488,088 | |
| % Active | 69.25% | 79.75% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 3,180,157 | 2,976,255 | 3,488,088 |
| % REG | 75.56% | 69.25% | 79.75% |
| IOWA | |||
| Total VAP | 2,073,000 | 2,112,000 | 2,138,000 |
| Total Active | 1,640,533 | 1,741,949 | |
| % Active | 77.68% | 81.48% | |
| Total Inactive | 34,464 | ||
| Total REG | 1,703,532 | 1,640,533 | 1,776,433 |
| % REG | 82.18% | 77.68% | 83.09% |
| KANSAS | |||
| Total VAP | 1,840,000 | 1,889,000 | 1,897,000 |
| Total Active | 1,314,213 | 1,438,894 | |
| % Active | 69.57% | 75.85% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 1,365,847 | 1,314,213 | 1,438,894 |
| % REG | 74.23% | 69.57% | 75.85% |
| KENTUCKY | |||
| Total VAP | 2,798,000 | 2,857,000 | 2,928,000 |
| Total Active | 2,132,152 | 2,391,190 | |
| % Active | 74.63% | 81.67% | |
| Total Inactive | 4,896 | ||
| Total REG | 2,076,263 | 2,132,152 | 2,396,086 |
| % REG | 74.21% | 74.63% | 81.83% |
| LOUISIANA | |||
| Total VAP | 3,045,000 | 3,100,000 | 3,131,000 |
| Total Active | 2,151,955 | 2,480,033 | |
| % Active | 69.42% | 79.21% | |
| Total Inactive | 78,638 | ||
| Total REG | 2,292,129 | 2,151,955 | 2,558,671 |
| % REG | 75.28% | 69.42% | 81.72% |
| MAINE | |||
| Total VAP | 932,000 | 931,000 | 945,000 |
| Total Active | 940,569 | 1,001,292 | |
| % Active | 101.03% | 105.96% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 974,603 | 940,569 | 1,001,292 |
| % REG | 104.57% | 101.03% | 105.96% |
| MARYLAND | |||
| Total VAP | 3,705,000 | 3,750,000 | 3,820,000 |
| Total Active | 2,299,580 | 2,577,191 | |
| % Active | 61.32% | 67.47% | |
| Total Inactive | 110,060 | ||
| Total REG | 2,463,010 | 2,299,580 | 2,687,251 |
| % REG | 66.48% | 61.32% | 70.35% |
| MASSACHUSETTS | |||
| Total VAP | 4,616,000 | 4,564,000 | 4,649,000 |
| Total Active | 3,153,341 | 3,494,927 | |
| % Active | 69.09% | 75.18% | |
| Total Inactive | 329,749 | ||
| Total REG | 3,351,918 | 3,153,341 | 3,824,676 |
| % REG | 72.62% | 69.09% | 82.27% |
| MICHIGAN | |||
| Total VAP | 6,947,000 | 6,983,000 | 7,072,000 |
| Total Active | 6,207,662 | 6,677,079 | |
| % Active | 88.90% | 94.42% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 6,157,675 | 6,207,662 | 6,677,079 |
| % REG | 88.64% | 88.90% | 94.42% |
| MINNESOTA | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 3,272,000 | 3,362,000 | 3,422,000 |
| Total Active | 2,857,463 | 3,067,802 | |
| % Active | 84.99% | 89.65% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 3,138,901 | 2,857,463 | 3,067,802 |
| % REG | 95.93% | 84.99% | 89.65% |
| MISSISSIPPI | |||
| Total VAP | 1,873,000 | 1,905,000 | 1,967,000 |
| Total Active | 1,625,640 | 1,731,852 | |
| % Active | 85.34% | 88.05% | |
| Total Inactive | 94,101 | ||
| Total REG | 1,640,150 | 1,625,640 | 1,825,953 |
| % REG | 87.57% | 85.34% | 92.83% |
| MISSOURI | |||
| Total VAP | 3,851,000 | 3,902,000 | 3,995,000 |
| Total Active | 2,952,642 | 3,342,849 | |
| % Active | 75.67% | 83.68% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 3,067,955 | 2,952,642 | 3,342,849 |
| % REG | 79.67% | 75.67% | 83.68% |
| MONTANA | |||
| Total VAP | 600,000 | 623,000 | 656,000 |
| Total Active | 514,051 | 590,751 | |
| % Active | 82.51% | 90.05% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 529,822 | 514,051 | 590,751 |
| % REG | 88.30% | 82.51% | 90.05% |
| NEBRASKA | |||
| Total VAP | 1,164,000 | 1,192,000 | 1,211,000 |
| Total Active | 919,321 | 1,015,056 | |
| % Active | 77.12% | 83.82% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 951,395 | 919,321 | 1,015,056 |
| % REG | 81.73% | 77.12% | 83.82% |
| NEVADA | |||
| Total VAP | 1,011,000 | 1,088,000 | 1,212,000 |
| Total Active | 625,842 | 722,608 | |
| % Active | 57.52% | 59.62% | |
| Total Inactive | 56,416 | ||
| Total REG | 649,913 | 625,842 | 779,318 |
| % REG | 64.28% | 57.52% | 64.30% |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 838,000 | 843,000 | 871,000 |
| Total Active | 677,620 | 754,771 | |
| % Active | 80.38% | 86.66% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 660,985 | 677,620 | 754,771 |
| % REG | 78.88% | 80.38% | 86.66% |
| NEW JERSEY | |||
| Total VAP | 5,964,000 | 5,974,000 | 6,034,000 |
| Total Active | 3,905,435 | 4,111,031 | |
| % Active | 65.37% | 68.13% | |
| Total Inactive | 198,789 | ||
| Total REG | 4,060,337 | 3,905,435 | 4,309,820 |
| % REG | 68.08% | 65.37% | 71.43% |
| NEW MEXICO | |||
| Total VAP | 1,121,000 | 1,167,000 | 1,224,000 |
| Total Active | 713,645 | 738,525 | |
| % Active | 61.15% | 60.34% | |
| Total Inactive | 99,269 | ||
| Total REG | 706,966 | 713,645 | 837,794 |
| % REG | 63.07% | 61.15% | 68.45% |
| NEW YORK | |||
| Total VAP | 13,705,000 | 13,646,000 | 13,564,000 |
| Total Active | 8,818,691 | 9,567,988 | |
| % Active | 64.62% | 70.54% | |
| Total Inactive | 592,135 | ||
| Total REG | 9,193,391 | 8,818,691 | 10,160,123 |
| % REG | 67.08% | 64.62% | 74.91% |
| NORTH CAROLINA | |||
| Total VAP | 5,190,000 | 5,364,000 | 5,519,000 |
| Total Active | 3,635,875 | 4,225,765 | |
| % Active | 67.78% | 76.57% | |
| Total Inactive | 92,243 | ||
| Total REG | 3,817,380 | 3,635,875 | 4,318,008 |
| % REG | 73.55% | 67.78% | 78.24% |
| NORTH DAKOTA | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 462,000 | 467,000 | 476,000 |
| Total Active | |||
| % Active | |||
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | |||
| % REG | |||
| OHIO | |||
| Total VAP | 8,207,000 | 8,313,000 | 8,347,000 |
| Total Active | 6,250,545 | 6,842,272 | |
| % Active | 75.19% | 81.97% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 6,542,931 | 6,250,545 | 6,842,272 |
| % REG | 79.72% | 75.19% | 81.97% |
| OKLAHOMA | |||
| Total VAP | 2,352,000 | 2,394,000 | 2,426,000 |
| Total Active | 1,706,194 | 1,985,535 | |
| % Active | 71.27% | 81.84% | |
| Total Inactive | 337,398 | ||
| Total REG | 2,302,279 | 2,043,592 | 1,985,535 |
| % REG | 97.89% | 85.36% | 81.84% |
| OREGON | |||
| Total VAP | 2,220,000 | 2,311,000 | 2,411,000 |
| Total Active | 1,254,265 | 1,962,155 | |
| % Active | 54.27% | 81.38% | |
| Total Inactive | 578,509 | 140,394 | |
| Total REG | 1,775,416 | 1,832,774 | 2,102,549 |
| % REG | 79.97% | 79.31% | 87.21% |
| PENNSYLVANIA | |||
| Total VAP | 9,161,000 | 9,212,000 | 9,197,000 |
| Total Active | 5,879,093 | 6,747,839 | |
| % Active | 63.82% | 73.37% | |
| Total Inactive | 57,749 | ||
| Total REG | 5,993,002 | 5,879,093 | 6,805,612 |
| % REG | 65.42% | 63.82% | 74.00% |
| RHODE ISLAND | |||
| Total VAP | 768,000 | 764,000 | 751,000 |
| Total Active | 552,638 | 602,692 | |
| % Active | 72.33% | 80.25% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 554,664 | 552,638 | 602,692 |
| % REG | 72.22% | 72.33% | 80.25% |
| SOUTH CAROLINA | |||
| Total VAP | 2,669,000 | 2,740,000 | 2,771,000 |
| Total Active | 1,499,589 | 1,814,776 | |
| % Active | 54.73% | 65.49% | |
| Total Inactive | 103,950 | 213,599 | |
| Total REG | 1,537,140 | 1,499,564 | 1,814,777 |
| % REG | 57.59% | 54.73% | 65.49% |
| SOUTH DAKOTA | |||
| Total VAP | 505,000 | 522,000 | 535,000 |
| Total Active | 430,539 | 462,858 | |
| % Active | 82.48% | 86.52% | |
| Total Inactive | 16,087 | ||
| Total REG | 448,292 | 430,539 | 478,945 |
| % REG | 88.77% | 82.48% | 89.52% |
| TENNESSEE | |||
| Total VAP | 3,796,000 | 3,913,000 | 4,035,000 |
| Total Active | 2,693,003 | 3,011,195 | |
| % Active | 68.82% | 74.63% | |
| Total Inactive | 86,141 | ||
| Total REG | 2,726,449 | 2,693,003 | 3,097,336 |
| % REG | 71.82% | 68.82% | 76.76% |
| TEXAS | |||
| Total VAP | 12,681,000 | 13,166,000 | 13,597,000 |
| Total Active | 8,641,848 | 9,551,191 | |
| % Active | 65.64% | 70.24% | |
| Total Inactive | 989,487 | ||
| Total REG | 8,440,143 | 8,641,848 | 10,540,678 |
| % REG | 66.56% | 65.64% | 77.52% |
| UTAH | |||
| Total VAP | 1,169,000 | 1,246,000 | 1,333,000 |
| Total Active | 921,981 | 1,070,586 | |
| % Active | 74.00% | 80.31% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 965,211 | 921,981 | 1,070,586 |
| % REG | 82.57% | 74.00% | 80.31% |
| VERMONT | (NVRA not yet implemented) | ||
| Total VAP | 429,000 | 429,000 | 445,000 |
| Total Active | 373,442 | 385,328 | |
| % Active | 87.05% | 86.59% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 383,371 | 373,442 | 385,328 |
| % REG | 89.36% | 87.05% | 86.59% |
| VIRGINIA | |||
| Total VAP | 4,855,000 | 4,967,000 | 5,083,000 |
| Total Active | 3,000,560 | 3,180,862 | |
| % Active | 60.41% | 62.58% | |
| Total Inactive | 140,910 | ||
| Total REG | 3,045,662 | 3,000,560 | 3,321,772 |
| % REG | 62.73% | 60.41% | 65.35% |
| WASHINGTON | |||
| Total VAP | 3,812,000 | 4,000,000 | 4,115,000 |
| Total Active | 2,896,519 | 3,078,128 | |
| % Active | 72.41% | 74.80% | |
| Total Inactive | 147,233 | ||
| Total REG | 2,814,680 | 2,896,519 | 3,225,361 |
| % REG | 73.84% | 72.41% | 78.38% |
| WEST VIRGINIA | |||
| Total VAP | 1,376,000 | 1,389,000 | 1,417,000 |
| Total Active | 884,315 | 950,548 | |
| % Active | 63.67% | 67.08% | |
| Total Inactive | 20,197 | ||
| Total REG | 956,172 | 884,315 | 970,745 |
| % REG | 69.49% | 63.67% | 68.51% |
| WISCONSIN | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 3,675,000 | 3,777,000 | 3,824,000 |
| Total Active | |||
| % Active | |||
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | |||
| % REG | |||
| WYOMING | (exempt from NVRA) | ||
| Total VAP | 329,000 | 343,000 | 356,000 |
| Total Active | 337,863 | 240,711 | |
| % Active | 98.50% | 67.62% | |
| Total Inactive | |||
| Total REG | 234,260 | 337,863 | 240,711 |
| % REG | 71.20% | 98.50% | 67.62% |
| UNITED STATES | |||
| Total VAP | 189,529,000 | 193,650,000 | 196,498,000 |
| Total Active | 129,431,244 | 142,995,856 | |
| % Active | 66.84% | 72.77% | |
| Total Inactive | 1,652,436 | 7,083,794 | |
| Total REG | 133,812,176 | 130,979,705 | 149,829,538 |
| % REG | 70.60% | 67.64% | 76.25% |
Sources of Voter Registration Applications 1995-1996
| State | Number of Applications | Percent of Total Apps | Number of Duplicates | Percent Duplicates | Total New Registrations |
| ALABAMA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 90,356 | 16.12% | 10,189 | 11.28% | |
| By mail | 106,199 | 18.95% | 3,635 | 3.42% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 80,096 | 14.29% | 5,514 | 6.88% | |
| Disability services | 3,202 | 0.57% | 167 | 5.22% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,730 | 0.84% | 334 | 7.06% | |
| State Designated Sites | 17,512 | 3.12% | 746 | 4.26% | |
| All other sources | 258,405 | 46.10% | 11,429 | 4.42% | |
| TOTAL | 560,500 | 32,014 | 5.71% | 370,298 | |
| ALASKA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 55,215 | 32.35% | 1,415 | 2.56% | |
| By mail | 21,264 | 12.46% | 1,411 | 6.64% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 3,673 | 2.15% | 69 | 1.88% | |
| Disability services | 133 | 0.08% | 5 | 3.76% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 8 | 0.00% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | 40,668 | 23.83% | 1,907 | 4.69% | |
| All other sources | 49,708 | 29.13% | 8,915 | 17.93% | |
| TOTAL | 170,669 | 13,722 | 8.04% | 78,589 | |
| ARIZONA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 81,317 | 15.52% | 4,430 | 5.45% | |
| By mail | 272,550 | 52.01% | 5,667 | 2.08% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 17,845 | 3.41% | 1,212 | 6.79% | |
| Disability services | 2,662 | 0.51% | 367 | 13.79% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 7,278 | 1.39% | 1,198 | 16.46% | |
| State Designated Sites | 57,108 | 10.90% | 4,251 | 7.44% | |
| All other sources | 85,282 | 16.27% | 6,598 | 7.74% | |
| TOTAL | 524,042 | 23,723 | 4.53% | 325,415 | |
| ARKANSAS | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 114,325 | 40.54% | 9,295 | 8.13% | |
| By mail | 52,305 | 18.55% | 522 | 1.00% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 28,324 | 10.04% | 368 | 1.30% | |
| Disability services | 1,570 | 0.56% | 15 | 0.96% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 956 | 0.34% | 6 | 0.63% | |
| State Designated Sites | 6,670 | 2.37% | 25 | 0.37% | |
| All other sources | 77,873 | 27.61% | 938 | 1.20% | |
| TOTAL | 282,023 | 11,169 | 3.96% | 94,574 | |
| CALIFORNIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 818,927 | 14.21% | 50,197 | 6.13% | |
| By mail | 2,372,689 | 41.18% | 159,930 | 6.74% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 129,273 | 2.24% | 6,533 | 5.05% | |
| Disability services | 4,132 | 0.07% | 334 | 8.08% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,094 | 0.04% | 148 | 7.07% | |
| State Designated Sites | 25,219 | 0.44% | 9,356 | 37.10% | |
| All other sources | 2,409,241 | 41.82% | 174,724 | 7.25% | |
| TOTAL | 5,761,575 | 401,222 | 6.96% | 3,233,214 | |
| COLORADO | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 303,422 | 54.74% | 16,425 | 5.41% | |
| By mail | 52,644 | 9.50% | 4,093 | 7.77% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 12,255 | 2.21% | 566 | 4.62% | |
| Disability services | 1,460 | 0.26% | 181 | 12.40% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,292 | 0.41% | 388 | 16.93% | |
| State Designated Sites | 3,264 | 0.59% | 222 | 6.80% | |
| All other sources | 179,006 | 0.00% | 3,400 | 1.90% | |
| TOTAL | 554,343 | 25,275 | 4.56% | 391,579 | |
| CONNECTICUT | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 35,323 | 10.44% | 4,809 | 13.61% | |
| By mail | 97,829 | 28.93% | 3,024 | 3.09% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 21,061 | 6.23% | 1,451 | 6.89% | |
| Disability services | 221 | 0.07% | 7 | 3.17% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 919 | 0.27% | 113 | 12.30% | |
| State Designated Sites | 9,843 | 2.91% | 225 | 2.29% | |
| All other sources | 173,007 | 51.15% | 4,638 | 2.68% | |
| TOTAL | 338,203 | 14,267 | 4.22% | 298,792 | |
| DELAWARE | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 128,626 | 80.74% | 15,435 | 12.00% | |
| By mail | 5,956 | 3.74% | 161 | 2.70% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 7,889 | 4.95% | 244 | 3.09% | |
| Disability services | 2,135 | 1.34% | 29 | 1.36% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 917 | 0.58% | 26 | 2.84% | |
| State Designated Sites | 632 | 0.40% | 13 | 2.06% | |
| All other sources | 13,147 | 8.25% | 447 | 3.40% | |
| TOTAL | 159,302 | 16,355 | 10.27% | 79,692 | |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 276,653 | 86.19% | 13,913 | 5.03% | |
| By mail | 13,743 | 4.28% | 1,282 | 9.33% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 14,268 | 4.45% | 677 | 4.74% | |
| Disability services | 129 | 0.04% | 8 | 6.20% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 387 | 0.12% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | 15,788 | 4.92% | 606 | 3.84% | |
| All other sources | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| TOTAL | 320,968 | 16,486 | 5.14% | 55,263 | |
| FLORIDA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 1,202,599 | 44.16% | 17,459 | 1.45% | |
| By mail | 706,163 | 25.93% | 21,814 | 3.09% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 158,836 | 5.83% | 5,626 | 3.54% | |
| Disability services | 9,396 | 0.35% | 336 | 3.58% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,787 | 0.18% | 103 | 2.15% | |
| State Designated Sites | 56,231 | 2.06% | 1,457 | 2.59% | |
| All other sources | 585,291 | 21.49% | 10,930 | 1.87% | |
| TOTAL | 2,723,303 | 57,725 | 2.12% | 1,918,351 | |
| GEORGIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 772,419 | 52.57% | 21,002 | 2.72% | |
| By mail | 295,283 | 20.10% | 8,246 | 2.79% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 103,942 | 7.07% | 1,803 | 1.73% | |
| Disability services | 2,046 | 0.14% | 75 | 3.67% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 231 | 0.02% | 12 | 5.19% | |
| State Designated Sites | 140,762 | 9.58% | 3,168 | 2.25% | |
| All other sources | 154,586 | 10.52% | 4,198 | 2.72% | |
| TOTAL | 1,469,269 | 38,504 | 2.62% | 871,769 | |
| HAWAII | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 27,370 | 19.63% | 6,596 | 24.10% | |
| By mail | 103,709 | 74.40% | 10,648 | 10.27% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 1,040 | 0.75% | 50 | 4.81% | |
| Disability services | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| Armed Forces Offices | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| State Designated Sites | 2,606 | 1.87% | 227 | 8.71% | |
| All other sources | 4,674 | 3.35% | 373 | 7.98% | |
| TOTAL | 139,399 | 17,894 | 12.84% | 38,381 | |
| IDAHO | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| ILLINOIS | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 295,255 | 33.25% | 27,670 | 9.37% | |
| By mail | 94,681 | 10.66% | 6,817 | 7.20% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 33,837 | 3.81% | 2,726 | 8.06% | |
| Disability services | 26,676 | 3.00% | 2,730 | 10.23% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 1,706 | 0.19% | 115 | 6.74% | |
| State Designated Sites | 5,068 | 0.57% | 368 | 7.26% | |
| All other sources | 430,651 | 48.50% | 22,842 | 5.30% | |
| TOTAL | 887,874 | 63,268 | 7.13% | 853,293 | |
| INDIANA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 287,198 | 27.10% | 27,903 | 9.72% | |
| By mail | 478,351 | 45.14% | 33,637 | 7.03% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 83,853 | 7.91% | 6,872 | 8.20% | |
| Disability services | 8,388 | 0.79% | 990 | 11.80% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,697 | 0.25% | 397 | 14.72% | |
| State Designated Sites | 55,208 | 5.21% | 5,777 | 10.46% | |
| All other sources | 143,971 | 13.59% | 6,869 | 4.77% | |
| TOTAL | 1,059,666 | 82,445 | 7.78% | 708,486 | |
| IOWA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 240,316 | 32.85% | 15,090 | 6.28% | |
| By mail | 142,058 | 19.42% | 3,892 | 2.74% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 26,345 | 3.60% | 677 | 2.57% | |
| Disability services | 950 | 0.13% | 25 | 2.63% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 507 | 0.07% | 8 | 1.58% | |
| State Designated Sites | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| All other sources | 321,338 | 43.93% | 5,645 | 1.76% | |
| TOTAL | 731,514 | 25,337 | 3.46% | 299,971 | |
| KANSAS | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 186,604 | 49.46% | 18,084 | 9.69% | |
| By mail | 56,228 | 14.90% | 5,903 | 10.50% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 8,419 | 2.23% | 760 | 9.03% | |
| Disability services | 1,028 | 0.27% | 38 | 3.70% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 630 | 0.17% | 31 | 4.92% | |
| State Designated Sites | 11,122 | 2.95% | 1,655 | 14.88% | |
| All other sources | 113,248 | 30.02% | 12,815 | 11.32% | |
| TOTAL | 377,279 | 39,286 | 10.41% | 1,566,739 | |
| KENTUCKY | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 731,840 | 48.93% | - | 0.00% | |
| By mail | 50,505 | 3.38% | - | 0.00% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 63,477 | 4.24% | - | 0.00% | |
| Disability services | 4,624 | 0.31% | - | 0.00% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 1,061 | 0.07% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | 23,402 | 1.56% | - | 0.00% | |
| All other sources | 620,644 | 41.50% | - | 0.00% | |
| TOTAL | 1,495,553 | 0.00% | 392,278 | ||
| LOUISIANA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 291,805 | 21.68% | 6,908 | 2.37% | |
| By mail | 226,014 | 16.79% | 3,226 | 1.43% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 74,636 | 5.55% | 1,042 | 1.40% | |
| Disability services | 5,709 | 0.42% | 92 | 1.61% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,826 | 0.36% | 28 | 0.58% | |
| State Designated Sites | 35,605 | 2.65% | 515 | 1.45% | |
| All other sources | 707,204 | 52.55% | 268 | 0.04% | |
| TOTAL | 1,345,799 | 12,079 | 0.90% | 597,691 | |
| MAINE | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 106,434 | 39.47% | 7,581 | 7.12% | |
| By mail | 46,254 | 17.15% | 0.00% | ||
| Public Assistance Offices | 16,849 | 6.25% | 0.00% | ||
| Disability services | 118 | 0.04% | 0.00% | ||
| Armed Forces Offices | 54 | 0.02% | 0.00% | ||
| State Designated Sites | 7,538 | 2.80% | 0.00% | ||
| All other sources | 92,426 | 34.27% | 3,916 | 4.24% | |
| TOTAL | 269,673 | 11,497 | 4.26% | 159,934 | |
| MARYLAND | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 165,267 | 34.91% | 7,827 | 4.74% | |
| By mail | 222,233 | 46.94% | 6,858 | 3.09% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 982 | 0.21% | 821 | 83.60% | |
| Disability services | 671 | 0.14% | 9 | 1.34% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 188 | 0.04% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | 25,802 | 5.45% | 228 | 0.88% | |
| All other sources | 58,306 | 12.32% | 1,965 | 3.37% | |
| TOTAL | 473,449 | 17,708 | 3.74% | 477,741 | |
| MASSACHUSETTS | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 96,097 | 15.50% | 3,604 | 3.75% | |
| By mail | 301,088 | 48.57% | 13,810 | 4.59% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 10,895 | 1.76% | 914 | 8.39% | |
| Disability services | 2,258 | 0.36% | 158 | 7.00% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 1,043 | 0.17% | 154 | 14.77% | |
| State Designated Sites | 92,910 | 14.99% | 9,328 | 10.04% | |
| All other sources | 115,675 | 18.66% | 10,696 | 9.25% | |
| TOTAL | 619,966 | 38,664 | 6.24% | 579,393 | |
| MICHIGAN | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 1,211,238 | 81.10% | 177,092 | 14.62% | |
| By mail | 64,717 | 4.33% | 14,937 | 23.08% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 79,538 | 5.33% | 16,216 | 20.39% | |
| Disability services | 8,371 | 0.56% | 2,191 | 26.17% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,237 | 0.28% | 953 | 22.49% | |
| State Designated Sites | 0.00% | ||||
| All other sources | 125,440 | 8.40% | 19,507 | 15.55% | |
| TOTAL | 1,493,541 | 230,896 | 15.46% | 1,003,123 | |
| MINNESOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| MISSISSIPPI | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 0.00% | 4,809 | |||
| By mail | 77,938 | 29.03% | 4,843 | 6.21% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 33,203 | 12.37% | 5,276 | 15.89% | |
| Disability services | 4,255 | 1.58% | 168 | 3.95% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 1,097 | 0.41% | 0.00% | ||
| State Designated Sites | 0.00% | ||||
| All other sources | 151,966 | 56.61% | 3,775 | 2.48% | |
| TOTAL | 268,459 | 18,871 | 7.03% | 246,530 | |
| MISSOURI | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 409,323 | 43.67% | 11,624 | 2.84% | |
| By mail | 135,076 | 14.41% | 5,562 | 4.12% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 143,135 | 15.27% | 9,151 | 6.39% | |
| Disability services | 4,507 | 0.48% | 229 | 5.08% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 1,361 | 0.15% | 55 | 4.04% | |
| State Designated Sites | 15,851 | 1.69% | 515 | 3.25% | |
| All other sources | 227,956 | 24.32% | 6,131 | 2.69% | |
| TOTAL | 937,209 | 33,267 | 3.55% | 632,014 | |
| MONTANA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 51,690 | 57.42% | 258 | 0.50% | |
| By mail | 21,553 | 23.94% | 220 | 1.02% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 473 | 0.53% | 35 | 7.40% | |
| Disability services | 211 | 0.23% | - | 0.00% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 232 | 0.26% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| All other sources | 15,858 | 17.62% | 265 | 1.67% | |
| TOTAL | 90,017 | 778 | 0.86% | 152,775 | |
| NEBRASKA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 125,477 | 42.64% | 8,043 | 6.41% | |
| By mail | 25,784 | 8.76% | 805 | 3.12% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 9,564 | 3.25% | 435 | 4.55% | |
| Disability services | 1,929 | 0.66% | 67 | 3.47% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 780 | 0.27% | 29 | 3.72% | |
| State Designated Sites | 204 | 0.07% | 7 | 3.43% | |
| All other sources | 130,544 | 44.36% | 2,339 | 1.79% | |
| TOTAL | 294,282 | 11,725 | 3.98% | 175,571 | |
| NEVADA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 150,695 | 52.08% | 6,916 | 4.59% | |
| By mail | 94,025 | 32.50% | 8,711 | 9.26% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 13,200 | 4.56% | 444 | 3.36% | |
| Disability services | 340 | 0.12% | 15 | 4.41% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 512 | 0.18% | 9 | 1.76% | |
| State Designated Sites | - | 0.00% | - | ||
| All other sources | 30,573 | 10.57% | 1,469 | 4.80% | |
| TOTAL | 289,345 | 17,564 | 6.07% | 123,403 | |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| NEW JERSEY | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 172,607 | 12.11% | 10,432 | 6.04% | |
| By mail | 39,358 | 2.76% | 3,062 | 7.78% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 54,579 | 3.83% | 1,714 | 3.14% | |
| Disability services | 6,790 | 0.48% | 106 | 1.56% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 0.00% | 476 | |||
| State Designated Sites | 374,686 | 26.28% | 16,970 | 4.53% | |
| All other sources | 777,806 | 54.55% | 7,725 | 0.99% | |
| TOTAL | 1,425,826 | 40,485 | 2.84% | 779,291 | |
| NEW MEXICO | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 35,650 | 17.56% | 1,030 | 2.89% | |
| By mail | 78,109 | 38.47% | 2,273 | 2.91% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 16,668 | 8.21% | 481 | 2.89% | |
| Disability services | 543 | 0.27% | 15 | 2.76% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 170 | 0.08% | - | 0.00% | |
| State Designated Sites | 6,671 | 3.29% | 192 | 2.88% | |
| All other sources | 65,241 | 32.13% | 1,885 | 2.89% | |
| TOTAL | 203,052 | 5,876 | 2.89% | 124,149 | |
| NEW YORK | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 699,644 | 21.36% | 76,393 | 10.92% | |
| By mail | 2,020,088 | 61.68% | 0.00% | ||
| Public Assistance Offices | 358,105 | 10.93% | 38,002 | 10.61% | |
| Disability services | 32,216 | 0.98% | 3,628 | 11.26% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 892 | 0.03% | 64 | 7.17% | |
| State Designated Sites | 90,292 | 2.76% | 5,237 | 5.80% | |
| All other sources | 73,865 | 2.26% | 0.00% | ||
| TOTAL | 3,275,102 | 123,324 | 3.77% | 1,691,827 | |
| NORTH CAROLINA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 539,287 | 37.20% | 23,615 | 4.38% | |
| By mail | 229,122 | 15.81% | 17,736 | 7.74% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 74,882 | 5.17% | 4,595 | 6.14% | |
| Disability services | 8,097 | 0.56% | 402 | 4.96% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 3,496 | 0.24% | 143 | 4.09% | |
| State Designated Sites | 139,477 | 9.62% | 7,574 | 5.43% | |
| All other sources | 455,298 | 31.41% | 40,068 | 8.80% | |
| TOTAL | 1,449,659 | 94,133 | 6.49% | 937,038 | |
| NORTH DAKOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| OHIO | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 528,762 | 28.34% | 33,868 | 6.41% | |
| By mail | 360,675 | 19.33% | 15,845 | 4.39% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 100,129 | 5.37% | 8,404 | 8.39% | |
| Disability services | 4,041 | 0.22% | 268 | 6.63% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,155 | 0.12% | 114 | 5.29% | |
| State Designated Sites | 240,236 | 12.87% | 9,399 | 3.91% | |
| All other sources | 630,050 | 33.76% | 35,443 | 5.63% | |
| TOTAL | 1,866,048 | 103,341 | 5.54% | 1,174,146 | |
| OKLAHOMA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 228,138 | 41.13% | 1,728 | 0.76% | |
| By mail | 124,795 | 22.50% | 751 | 0.60% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 58,811 | 10.60% | 778 | 1.32% | |
| Disability services | 1,213 | 0.22% | 5 | 0.41% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 178 | 0.03% | 1 | 0.56% | |
| State Designated Sites | 1,760 | 0.32% | 20 | 1.14% | |
| All other sources | 139,784 | 25.20% | 1,115 | 0.80% | |
| TOTAL | 554,679 | 4,398 | 0.79% | 369,413 | |
| OREGON | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 199,065 | 24.80% | 1,339 | 0.67% | |
| By mail | 401,234 | 49.98% | 2,211 | 0.55% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 38,446 | 4.79% | 260 | 0.68% | |
| Disability services | 5,174 | 0.64% | 24 | 0.46% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | - | 0.00% | 49 | ||
| State Designated Sites | 3,432 | 0.43% | 172 | 5.01% | |
| All other sources | 155,373 | 19.36% | 647 | 0.42% | |
| TOTAL | 802,724 | 4,702 | 0.59% | 32,224 | |
| PENNSYLVANIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 597,625 | 32.36% | 72,217 | 12.08% | |
| By mail | 959,041 | 51.93% | 49,499 | 5.16% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 59,462 | 3.22% | 2,201 | 3.70% | |
| Disability services | 950 | 0.05% | 44 | 4.63% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,953 | 0.27% | 233 | 4.70% | |
| State Designated Sites | 6,342 | 0.34% | 120 | 1.89% | |
| All other sources | 218,413 | 11.83% | 5,260 | 2.41% | |
| TOTAL | 1,846,786 | 129,574 | 7.02% | 1,551,718 | |
| RHODE ISLAND | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 31,217 | 75.90% | 0.00% | ||
| By mail | 5,569 | 13.54% | 0.00% | ||
| Public Assistance Offices | 3,822 | 9.29% | 0.00% | ||
| Disability services | 523 | 1.27% | 0.00% | ||
| Armed Forces Offices | 0.00% | ||||
| State Designated Sites | 0.00% | ||||
| All other sources | 0.00% | ||||
| TOTAL | 41,131 | 0.00% | 63,711 | ||
| SOUTH CAROLINA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 93,881 | 80.11% | 0.00% | ||
| By mail | 0.00% | ||||
| Public Assistance Offices | 20,615 | 17.59% | 0.00% | ||
| Disability services | 2,051 | 1.75% | 0.00% | ||
| Armed Forces Offices | 650 | 0.55% | 0.00% | ||
| State Designated Sites | 0.00% | ||||
| All other sources | 0.00% | ||||
| TOTAL | 117,197 | 0.00% | 315,187 | ||
| SOUTH DAKOTA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 5,030 | 5.34% | 78 | 1.55% | |
| By mail | 14,993 | 15.93% | 275 | 1.83% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 13,906 | 14.78% | 809 | 5.82% | |
| Disability services | 648 | 0.69% | 20 | 3.09% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,022 | 2.15% | 431 | 21.32% | |
| State Designated Sites | 3,582 | 3.81% | 40 | 1.12% | |
| All other sources | 53,936 | 57.31% | 891 | 1.65% | |
| TOTAL | 94,117 | 2,544 | 2.70% | 60,236 | |
| TENNESSEE | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 186,563 | 24.04% | 7,088 | 3.80% | |
| By mail | 222,871 | 28.71% | 6,766 | 3.04% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 147,830 | 19.05% | 7,749 | 5.24% | |
| Disability services | 0.00% | ||||
| Armed Forces Offices | 4,568 | 0.59% | 172 | 3.77% | |
| State Designated Sites | 28,126 | 3.62% | 633 | 2.25% | |
| All other sources | 186,198 | 23.99% | 4,676 | 2.51% | |
| TOTAL | 776,156 | 27,084 | 3.49% | 587,585 | |
| TEXAS | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 1,494,846 | 44.75% | 137,522 | 9.20% | |
| By mail | 1,050,413 | 31.44% | 58,334 | 5.55% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 353,550 | 10.58% | 25,411 | 7.19% | |
| Disability services | 7,690 | 0.23% | 667 | 8.67% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 5,991 | 0.18% | 430 | 7.18% | |
| State Designated Sites | 129,066 | 3.86% | 5,832 | 4.52% | |
| All other sources | 299,031 | 8.95% | 23,056 | 7.71% | |
| TOTAL | 3,340,587 | 251,252 | 7.52% | 2,183,743 | |
| UTAH | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 84,743 | 25.67% | 6,416 | 7.57% | |
| By mail | 93,404 | 28.29% | 1,973 | 2.11% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 24,913 | 7.55% | 907 | 3.64% | |
| Disability services | 754 | 0.23% | 61 | 8.09% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,165 | 0.66% | 222 | 10.25% | |
| State Designated Sites | 47,229 | 14.30% | 625 | 1.32% | |
| All other sources | 76,961 | 23.31% | 1,908 | 2.48% | |
| TOTAL | 330,169 | 12,112 | 3.67% | 199,601 | |
| VERMONT | has not yet implemented the NVRA | ||||
| VIRGINIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 181,128 | 27.25% | 5,958 | 3.29% | |
| By mail | 228,418 | 34.36% | 2,350 | 1.03% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 54,051 | 8.13% | 784 | 1.45% | |
| Disability services | 2,428 | 0.37% | 3 | 0.12% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 906 | 0.14% | 7 | 0.77% | |
| State Designated Sites | 775 | 0.12% | 23 | 2.97% | |
| All other sources | 197,048 | 29.64% | 32,723 | 16.61% | |
| TOTAL | 664,754 | 41,848 | 6.30% | 759,712 | |
| WASHINGTON | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 350,304 | 39.64% | 20,097 | 5.74% | |
| By mail | 330,403 | 37.39% | 15,230 | 4.61% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 22,859 | 2.59% | 866 | 3.79% | |
| Disability services | 5,360 | 0.61% | 217 | 4.05% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 2,292 | 0.26% | 145 | 6.33% | |
| State Designated Sites | 7,313 | 0.83% | 2,982 | 40.78% | |
| All other sources | 165,191 | 18.69% | 0.00% | ||
| TOTAL | 883,722 | 39,537 | 4.47% | 844,185 | |
| WEST VIRGINIA | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 37,952 | 26.45% | 0.00% | ||
| By mail | 34,683 | 24.17% | 0.00% | ||
| Public Assistance Offices | 23,212 | 16.18% | 0.00% | ||
| Disability services | 2,416 | 1.68% | 0.00% | ||
| Armed Forces Offices | 40 | 0.03% | 0.00% | ||
| State Designated Sites | 4,475 | 3.12% | 0.00% | ||
| All other sources | 40,719 | 28.38% | 0.00% | ||
| TOTAL | 143,497 | 2,457 | 86,430 | ||
| WISCONSIN | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| WYOMING | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||
| UNITED STATES | |||||
| Motor Vehicle Offices | 13,722,233 | 33.10% | 892,355 | 6.50% | |
| By mail | 12,330,015 | 29.74% | 505,959 | 4.10% | |
| Public Assistance Offices | 2,602,748 | 6.28% | 162,443 | 6.24% | |
| Disability services | 178,015 | 0.43% | 13,696 | 7.69% | |
| Armed Forces Offices | 76,008 | 0.18% | 6,594 | 8.68% | |
| State Designated Sites | 1,732,475 | 4.18% | 90,415 | 5.22% | |
| All other sources | 10,810,934 | 26.08% | 480,489 | 4.44% | |
| TOTAL | 41,452,428 | 2,154,408 | 5.20% | 27,485,055 | |
Deletions from Voter Registration Lists 1995-1996
| State | Number of Confirmation Notices Sent | Number of Responses Received | Percent | Number Deleted from Active List | Number Deleted from Inactive List | Total Number Deleted |
| ALABAMA | - | - | - | - | ||
| ALASKA | - | - | - | - | ||
| ARIZONA | 1,795,579 | 60,785 | 3.39% | 97,610 | 68,363 | 209,094 |
| ARKANSAS | - | - | - | - | - | |
| CALIFORNIA | 1,055,150 | 340,176 | 32.24% | 1,420,397 | ||
| COLORADO | 166,576 | 31,537 | 18.93% | 52,523 | 25,897 | 78,420 |
| CONNECTICUT | 163,359 | 49,615 | 30.37% | 138,584 | 33,139 | 201,324 |
| DELAWARE | 4,317 | 338 | 7.83% | 1,213 | 338 | 1,551 |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | 35,330 | 4,425 | 12.52% | 23,288 | 69,603 | 92,891 |
| FLORIDA | 726,050 | 96,531 | 13.30% | 563,160 | 46,369 | 609,529 |
| GEORGIA | - | - | 82,443 | - | 82,443 | |
| HAWAII | 603,244 | 38,953 | 6.46% | - | - | - |
| IDAHO | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| ILLINOIS | 446,870 | 64,821 | 14.51% | 505,504 | 50,350 | 555,850 |
| INDIANA | 204,105 | 42,414 | 20.78% | 143,211 | 143,211 | |
| IOWA | 157,614 | 11,989 | 7.61% | 155,114 | 9,642 | 164,756 |
| KANSAS | 25,512 | 6,065 | 23.77% | 25,742 | 25,742 | |
| KENTUCKY | 4,896 | 146 | 2.98% | 54,810 | 54,810 | |
| LOUISIANA | 398,208 | 31,441 | 7.90% | 31,441 | ||
| MAINE | 29,247 | 9,670 | 33.06% | 78,998 | 78,998 | |
| MARYLAND | 258,075 | 19,689 | 7.63% | 199,688 | 16,575 | 216,263 |
| MASSACHUSETTS | 405,112 | 58,639 | 14.47% | 237,813 | ||
| MICHIGAN | 117,690 | 40,869 | 34.73% | 446,064 | 446,064 | |
| MINNESOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| MISSISSIPPI | 82,963 | 27,800 | 33.51% | 145,276 | 145,276 | |
| MISSOURI | 333,036 | 212,351 | 63.76% | 200,108 | 32,701 | 232,809 |
| MONTANA | - | - | 76,075 | 76,075 | ||
| NEBRASKA | 87,395 | 43,004 | 49.21% | 77,178 | 77,178 | |
| NEVADA | 70,032 | 11,924 | 17.03% | 88,764 | 1,591 | 98,968 |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| NEW JERSEY | 287,339 | 125,231 | 43.58% | 218,574 | ||
| NEW MEXICO | 89,670 | 33,602 | 37.47% | 51,113 | ||
| NEW YORK | 609,963 | 106,998 | 17.54% | 453,379 | 31,427 | 484,806 |
| NORTH CAROLINA | 90,772 | 7,350 | 8.10% | 226,624 | 226,624 | |
| NORTH DAKOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| OHIO | 831,461 | 225,398 | 27.11% | 369,402 | 369,402 | |
| OKLAHOMA | - | - | 91,030 | 337,398 | 428,428 | |
| OREGON | 162,232 | 21,838 | 13.46% | 142,785 | 15,534 | 158,319 |
| PENNSYLVANIA | 162,199 | 69,497 | 42.85% | 209,980 | 9,299 | 219,279 |
| RHODE ISLAND | 668 | - | 0.00% | 13,657 | ||
| SOUTH CAROLINA | - | - | - | - | - | |
| SOUTH DAKOTA | 22,222 | 3,334 | 15.00% | 22,776 | 1,279 | 24,055 |
| TENNESSEE | 141,319 | 36,019 | 25.49% | 185,734 | 7,682 | 193,416 |
| TEXAS | 1,131,769 | 155,589 | 13.75% | 329,232 | ||
| UTAH | 18,742 | 13,116 | 69.98% | 51,216 | ||
| VERMONT | ||||||
| VIRGINIA | 283,111 | 118,620 | 41.90% | 407,393 | ||
| WASHINGTON | 410,158 | 83,966 | 20.47% | 247,475 | 13,837 | 261,312 |
| WEST VIRGINIA | 57,963 | 0.00% | 5,572 | 5,572 | ||
| WISCONSIN | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| WYOMING | is exempt from the NVRA | |||||
| UNITED STATES | 11,469,948 | 2,203,740 | 19.21% | 5,110,110 | 771,024 | 8,723,301 |
Completeness of Numerical Data Reporting in 1996
| ALABAMA | Data are complete |
| ALASKA | Data are complete |
| ARIZONA | Data on intake agencies, confirmation notices, and deletions from the list are incomplete because various items were not reported by Apache, Cochise, Greenlee, La Paz, Maricopa, Mohave, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai Counties. |
| ARKANSAS | Data on duplicates are incomplete because three counties failed to track duplicates by point of origin. |
| CALIFORNIA | Data are incomplete because four (primarily small) counties were unable to track and report intakes, duplicates, confirmation notices, or deletions. |
| COLORADO | Data on intake agencies incomplete because not all of the counties report monthly, and one has never reported. |
| CONNECTICUT | Data on confirmation notices and deletions are incomplete because of the failure of approximately 20% of the municipalities to report on these items. |
| DELAWARE | Data are complete |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | Data are complete. |
| FLORIDA | Data are complete. |
| GEORGIA | Data are complete. |
| HAWAII | Data are complete except for intakes from disability and armed forces agencies. The first maintain this information on an agency basis. The second employ a national form that is not tracked by the State. |
| IDAHO | is exempt from the NVRA. |
| ILLINOIS | Data are complete except on deletions because twelve smaller jurisdictions kept no record of them. |
| INDIANA | Data are 99% complete -- missing only a few monthly reports from small counties. |
| IOWA | Data on intake agencies are incomplete because some counties failed to submit monthly reports from Jan 95 through Feb 96. |
| KANSAS | Some data are incomplete owing to delayed implementation of parts of the NVRA (See Appendix A) |
| KENTUCKY | Data are complete. |
| LOUISIANA | Data are complete. |
| MAINE | Data on intake agencies are incomplete for lack of a system to enable local registrars to identify dupes by agency type except for motor vehicle offices. Other data are incomplete for lack of about two dozen towns to report figures. |
| MARYLAND | Data are complete. |
| MASSACHUSETTS | Data incomplete because 74 of 351 local jurisdictions failed to provide data. |
| MICHIGAN | Data incomplete because 275 of 1515 local jurisdictions failed to provide data. |
| MINNESOTA | is exempt from the NVRA. |
| MISSISSIPPI | Data imcomplete because 9 of 82 counties failed to provide data and Department of Public Safety did not provide data onthe number of motor vehicle applications |
| MISSOURI | Some deletions are based on local estimates. |
| MONTANA | Data are incomplete because 17 of 56 counties failed to provide data. |
| NEBRASKA | For the first six months of implementation, mail registrations were included in the "other" category. |
| NEVADA | Some counties were not able to compile the data. |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE | is exempt from the NVRA. |
| NEW JERSEY | Data complete except for armed forces whose form, not clearly identifiable, was often included in "other." |
| NEW MEXICO | Data complete. |
| NEW YORK | Data complete |
| NORTH CAROLINA | Data complete |
| NORTH DAKOTA | is exempt from the NVRA. |
| OHIO | Data complete |
| OKLAHOMA | Data complete |
| OREGON | Data on armed forces not collected because of parallel data collection by the Department of Defense. |
| PENNSYLVANIA | A small number of counties did not report all requested data. Public assistance agencies also includes some disability numbers since they were not always recorded separately. |
| RHODE ISLAND | Data on intake agencies date from Jan 96 when reporting began. The other data date from Mar 96 when rreporting began |
| SOUTH CAROLINA | Data are complete. |
| SOUTH DAKOTA | Data are incomplete because 3 of 66 counties failed to provide data. In addition, some counties did not collect data on duplicates. |
| TENNESSEE | Data are complete. |
| TEXAS | Data are incomplete because 5 of 254 counties failed to provide data. |
| UTAH | Data are complete dating from Jan 95. |
| VERMONT | Not reported (has not yet implemented the NVRA). |
| VIRGINIA | Many of the data on intake agencies are based on local estimates or imperfect records (hence the large number listed in "other." |
| WASHINGTON | Data are complete. |
| WEST VIRGINIA | Data on duplicates was not collected by agency. Data on mail registrations reflects those received locally in 1996 only plus those received by the Secretary of State in 1995 and 1996. |
| WISCONSIN | is exempt from the NVRA. |
| WYOMING | is exempt from the NVRA. |
Dates of Implementing the Provisions of the National Voter Registration Act
| State | Date Motor Voter Registration Was Adopted | Date Mail Registration Was Adopted | Date Agency Registration Was Adopted | Date Fail Safe Voting Was Adopted | Date List Maintenance Provisions Were Adopted | Date of Last Purge Before Implementing the NVRA | Was the Purge Uniform Throughout the State |
| ALABAMA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Had before NVRA | Jan-97 | Varied by County | Only some Counties |
| ALASKA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Not Implemented | 1993 | Statewide |
| ARIZONA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Feb-96 | Jan-95 | 1988 | Statewide |
| ARKANSAS | Jan-96 | Jan-96 | Jan-96 | Jan-96 | Jan-96 | Local Option | Local Option |
| CALIFORNIA | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE | NO RESPONSE |
| COLORADO | 1994 | 1994 | 1994 | Had Before NVRA | 1995 | 1994 | Statewide |
| CONNECTICUT | Jan-94 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Before Jan 95 | Apr-Oct 1994 | Statewide |
| DELAWARE | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Nov-95 | Apr-96 | 1993 | Statewide |
| DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | 1989 | Statewide |
| FLORIDA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | 1993 | Statewide |
| GEORGIA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Confirmation Notices Not Yet Implemented | Apr-93 | Statewide |
| HAWAII | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | 1993 | Had Before NVRA | 1995 | 1994 | Statewide |
| IDAHO | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||
| ILLINOIS | Had Before NVRA | Aug-95 | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Summer thru Autumn 1994 | Majority of Counties |
| INDIANA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Jun-94 | Statewide |
| IOWA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Nov-Dec 94 | Statewide |
| KANSAS | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Apr-96 | 1994 | Statewide |
| KENTUCKY | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | May-95 | Jan-95 | 1994 | Statewide |
| LOUISIANA | Had Before NVRA | Apr-95 | UNK | UNK | Apr-95 | Nov-94 | Statewide |
| MAINE | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jun-95 | None | N/A |
| MARYLAND | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | UNK | Jan-95 | 1994 | Statewide |
| MASSACHUSETTS | Jan-95 | Jul-94 | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jun-94 | Statewide |
| MICHIGAN | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Feb-96 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Dec-94 | Statewide |
| MINNESOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||
| MISSISSIPPI | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Varies by County | Local Option |
| MISSOURI | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Apr-95 | Jan-95 | Between 1991 and 1994 | Varies by County |
| MONTANA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | 1996 | Statewide |
| NEBRASKA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | None | N/A |
| NEVADA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | 1995 | 1995 | Dec-94 | Most Counties |
| NEW HAMPSHIRE | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||
| NEW JERSEY | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Dec-94 | Statewide |
| NEW MEXICO | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Mar-93 | Statewide |
| NEW YORK | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | 1994 | Statewide |
| NORTH CAROLINA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | 1997 | 1993 | Statewide |
| NORTH DAKOTA | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||
| OHIO | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | 1994 | Statewide |
| OKLAHOMA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Dec-94 | Statewide |
| OREGON | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Mar-95 | Jan-95 | Varies by County | Varies by County |
| PENNSYLVANIA | May-95 | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Nov-95 | Jun-95 | 1994 | Varied by County |
| RHODE ISLAND | Had Before NVRA | 1995 | Nov-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | 1985 | Statewide |
| SOUTH CAROLINA | Mar-96 | Had Before NVRA | Mar-96 | Apr-96 | Jun-96 | Jan-96 | Statewide |
| SOUTH DAKOTA | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | 1993/1994 | Statewide |
| TENNESSEE | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | 1995 | 1995 | 1994 | 1994 | Statewide |
| TEXAS | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Aug-94 | Statewide |
| UTAH | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Jun-96 | Jan-95 | Nov-Dec 94 | Most Counties |
| VERMONT | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | Not Yet Implemented | UNK | UNK |
| VIRGINIA | Mar-96 | Mar-96 | Mar-96 | Had Before NVRA | Jul-96 | Dec-95 | Statewide |
| WASHINGTON | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | Dec-94 | Statewide |
| WEST VIRGINIA | Had Before NVRA | Had Before NVRA | Jan-95 | 1995 | Jan-95 | 1994 | Statewide |
| WISCONSIN | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||
| WYOMING | is exempt from the NVRA | ||||||