WASHINGTON -- In the course of reviewing materials related to closed
enforcement cases, the Commission has discovered 16 matters that were closed
in recent years where documents were not released to the public. The case
files are being released now pursuant to disclosure policies in effect at
the time of their closure. The FEC has taken steps to ensure that no other
cases have been closed without public release.
1. |
MUR 3987 |
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RESPONDENT: |
(a) Friends of Jane Harman, its treasurer
(b) Honorable Jane Harman
(c) Hughes Aircraft Company
(d) C. Michael Armstrong
(e) T.G. Westerman
(f) W.D. Merritt
(g) Hughes Aircraft Company Active Citizenship Fund, Daralyn E. Reed,
treasurer |
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COMPLAINANTS: |
Susan Brooks for Congress |
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SUBJECT: |
Corporate contributions |
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DISPOSITION: |
(c) Conciliation Agreement: $40,000 civil
penalty Hughes Aircraft Company violated the Act by providing the use
of corporate facilities and personnel for fundraising activities and by
facilitating the making of $21,000 in contributions to a federal
candidate.
(a-e) Close the file
(b) No reason to believe [re: corporate contributions]
(d-f) Take no further action
(g) Take no action |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
First General Counsel''''s Report (dated,
April 10, 1996);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated April 23, 1996);
General Counsel''''s Memorandum to the Commission (dated April 29, 2003);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated May 2, 1996); Statement of
Reasons (Chairman Elliott, Vice Chairman McGarry, Commissioners Aikens,
McDonald and Thomas); General Counsel''''s Report (dated September 10,
1996); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated September 16,
1996); Conciliation Agreement (dated September 18, 2003); General
Counsel''''s Brief (dated October 7, 1997); Respondent''''s Brief (dated
November 21, 1997); General Counsel''''s Report (dated February 18, 1998);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated March 3, 1998); General
Counsel''''s Report (dated June 23, 1998); Certification of vote by
Commissioners (dated June 23, 1998); Court Documents from FEC v. Friends
of Jane Harman; General Counsel''''s Report (dated July 6, 2000); and
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated July 13, 2000) |
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2. |
MUR 4365/4534 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
Al Salvi for Senate Committee, its
treasurer |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Asa K. Keener (MUR 4365) Internal (MUR
4534) |
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SUBJECT: |
Failure to report loans; failure to file 48
hour notices; failure to properly disclose campaign activity |
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DISPOSITION: |
Close the file |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
General Counsel''''s Brief (dated March 18,
1997), Respondent''''s Brief (dated May 27, 1997); General Counsel''''s report
(dated August 20, 1997); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated
September 9, 1997); General Counsel''''s Report (dated January 6, 1998);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated January 8, 1998); Decision
of U.S. Court of Appeals in FEC v. Al Salvi for Senate Committee; and
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated April 17, 2000) |
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3. |
MUR 4476 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Wyoming State Democratic Central
Committee, its treasurer (b) Karpan for Wyoming, Roger Schreiner,
treasurer |
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COMPLAINANT: |
National Republican Senatorial Committee |
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SUBJECT: |
Disclaimers, excessive contributions, use
of nonfederal funds to pay for contributions, reporting contributions |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a) No reason to believe [re: disclaimers]
Failed by a vote of 3-3 to find probable cause to believe [re: excessive
contributions, reporting contributions, use of nonfederal funds to pay
for contributions]
(b) Failed by a vote of 3-3 to find probable cause to believe [re:
excessive contributions, reporting contributions] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
First General Counsel''''s Report (dated June
10, 1998); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated June 18, 1998);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated August 7, 2001); |
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4. |
MUR 4503 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) South Dakota Democratic Party, its
treasurer (b) Tim Johnson for South Dakota, Inc., Berniece F. Mayer,
treasurer |
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COMPLAINANT: |
National Republican Senatorial Committee |
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SUBJECT: |
Use of nonfederal funds to pay for
contributions, excessive contributions, reporting contributions,
disclaimers |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a) Conciliation Agreement: $7,500 civil
penalty South Dakota Democratic Party violated the Act by paying for
campaign brochures with funds not subject to the limits of the Act and
by failing to report $21,140 in coordinated party expenditures on behalf
of Congressman Johnson''''s campaign committee
No reason to believe [re: disclaimers]
Take no further action and close the file [re: excessive
contributions, failure to report contributions and use of nonfederal
funds to pay for contributions in the form of radio and television ads
that were aired during the 1996 general election]
(b) Take no further action and close the file |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
First General Counsel''''s Report (dated June
29, 1998); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated July 1, 1998);
Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated March 20, 2001); General
Counsel''''s Report #4 (dated July 26, 2001); Certification of vote by
Commissioners (dated August 7, 2001); Certification of vote by
Commissioners (dated August 27, 2001); Conciliation Agreement |
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5. |
MUR 4670/5098/5099/5170/5171 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Dole for President, Inc. (b)
Dole/Kemp ''''96, Inc.
(c) Dole/Kemp ''''96 Compliance Committee, Inc.
(d) NTFC Capital Corporation, Inc.
(e) Branch Banking & Trust Corporation |
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COMPLAINANT: |
4670 (Mark Kleinman), 5098/5099/5170/5171
(Internal) |
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SUBJECT: |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a-c) Conciliation Agreement: $75,000 civil
penalty Dole for President, Inc. violated the Act by:
�1 accepting excessive contributions from the Republican National
Committee and failing to report them;
�2 exceeding the overall spending limitation for the presidential
primary elections; and
�3 making an excessive contribution to Dole/Kemp ''''96, Inc. and
failing to report the contribution.
Dole/Kemp ''''96 violated the Act by:
�1 exceeding the overall spending limitation for the presidential
general election;
�2 receiving excessive contributions from Dole for President,
Inc. and failing to report them; and
�3 receiving a prohibited corporate contribution from Branch,
Banking & Trust Corporation.
(d) Conciliation Agreement: $7,000 civil penalty
NTFC Capital Corporation did not collect debts of approximately
$35,214 owed by Dole for President, Inc. and made corporate
contributions.
(e) Conciliation Agreement: $22,000 civil penalty
Branch Banking & Trust Corporation violated the Act by making
corporate contributions, but does not concede that the record
established a violation. Dole/Kemp ''''96 bank accounts at Branch Banking &
Trust Corporation were overdrawn (ranging from a low of $192,752 to a
high of $1,068,484) at various times during the fall of 1996.
(a) Reason to believe, but take no further action [re: spending
$53,094 in excess of Iowa spending limit]
(b) Reason to believe, but take no further action [re: accepting
$487,033 from the press] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
First General Counsel''''s Report (dated
December 12, 2000); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated
January 17, 2001); Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated
September 7, 2001); Conciliation Agreements; Global Settlement and
Release; and Certification of vote by Commissioners (dated September 19,
2001) |
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6. |
MUR 4826 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Dole for President, Inc., Robert J.
Dole, treasurer (b) Heritage Foundation |
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COMPLAINANT: |
This MUR was severed from MURs 4382 and
4401 |
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SUBJECT: |
Corporate contributions |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a-b) Failed by a vote of 3-2 to enter into
a pre-probable cause conciliation with Dole for President, Inc. and the
Heritage Foundation and approve the Conciliation Agreement |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Certifications of vote by Commissioners
(dated October 20, 1998, September 12, 2000, and September 19, 2000); |
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7. |
MUR 4910R |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) The Honorable Rush Holt (b) Rush Holt
for Congress, Inc., Pamela H. Mount, treasurer
(c) Margaret Lancefield |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Tom Blomquist |
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SUBJECT: |
Failure to adequately report contributions,
failure to file 48 hour notices |
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DISPOSITION: |
(b) Conciliation Agreement: $8,500 civil
penalty Rush Holt for Congress, Inc. and Pamela H. Mount as treasurer
violated the Act by accepting $5,600 in excessive contributions, failing
to file 48 hour notices for 18 contributions totaling $19,500, filing
late 48 hour notices for 24 contributions totaling $31,000 and failing
to properly report several refunds, reattributions and redesignations.
Respondents will cease and desist from violating these provisions of the
law.
(a,c) Take no further action
(a-b) No reason to believe [re: failure to adequately report
contributions]
(a) No reason to believe [re: failure to file 48 hour notices] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 4910R under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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8. |
MUR 4974 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Patrick Joseph Tiberi (b) Tiberi for
Congress, Jeffrey T. Benton, treasurer
(c) Kasich 2000, William L. Curlis, treasurer
(d) Leadership PAC 2002, Pamela Sederholm, treasurer
(e) Florida Republican Leadership PAC, Donna F. Winterson, treasurer
(f) The Freedom Project, Bruce Gates, treasurer
(g) Promoting Republicans You Can Elect Project (PRYCE Project),
Barbara Bonfiglio, treasurer
(h) Pioneer Political Action Committee, Jack Hanson, treasurer
(i) Friends of Tiberi, William L. Curlis, treasurer
(j) Citizens for Mead, Thomas J. Riley, treasurer
(k) Citizens for Gardner, Randy Gardner, treasurer
(l) Citizens for Hottinger, Larry D. Wise, treasurer |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Jonathan Poe |
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SUBJECT: |
Prohibited contributions, failure to
register and report, failure to report contribution |
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DISPOSITION: |
(b,i) Conciliation Agreement: $1,900 civil
penalty Friends of Tiberi and Tiberi for Congress, respectively,
violated the Act by making and receiving $1,922 in prohibited
contributions. Friends of Tiberi violated the Act by failing to register
and file periodic reports. Tiberi for Congress violated the Act by
failing to report a $922 contribution from Friends of Tiberi.
Respondents will cease and desist from violating these provisions of the
Act.
(a) Take no action
(d, e, j, k) Take no further action
(c, g, f, h, l) No reason to believe |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 4974 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
9. |
MUR 5017/5205 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Friends of Ronnie Shows, Cecil Brown,
treasurer (b) International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers''''
Committee on Political Education, Edwin D. Hill, treasurer
(c) Maintenance of Way Political League, William E. LaRue, treasurer
(d) Nancy Pelosi for Congress, Paul F. Pelosi, treasurer
(e) William C. Deviney, Jr.
(f) William H. Liston
(g) Carl L. Nicholson, Jr.
(h) Earline C. Sawyer
(i) Ray A. Sims
(j) Phyllis Smith
(k) David Stephens
(l) Lawrence W. Warren
(m) David Berndt
(n) R.L. Kemp (a.k.a. Jerry W. Kemp)
(o) Adcock/Apple Apartments
(p) L&K Investments
(r) Southern Development
(s) Carpenter Construction Co.
(t) D&M Construction
(u) Dorsey & Thom''''s Chiropractic Clinic, P.A.
(v) Dulin & Dulin, Ltd.
(w) Duncan Lee Lott, P.A.
(x) Dungan Engineering, P.A.
(y) Employer Plus, Inc.
(z) Funches & Associates
(aa) Gerald J. Diaz, Jr., P.A.
(bb) Great Southern Tractor
(cc) Greenville Chiro. Clinic
(dd) Ingram & Assoc.
(ee) Kirk & Co.
(ff) Natchez Steam Laundry
(gg) Southwest Publishers
(hh) Tollison Law Firm, P.A.
(ii) Charles V. McTeer
(jj) Langston/Frazer Properties
(kk) Ronnie Shows
(ll) David Fortenberry
(mm) Richard Halbert
(oo) John Harvey
(pp) Bill Kelly
(qq) Frank McWhorter, Jr.
(rr) Peggy McWhorter
(ss) Robert Riley
(tt) Susan Riley
(uu) B.J. Selters
(vv) Richard Topp
(ww) Debra Topp
(xx) Charles Warren
(yy) Andrea Warren |
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COMPLAINANT: |
National Republican Congressional Committee
(5017) Internal (5205) |
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SUBJECT: |
Excessive contributions, contributions in
the name of another, corporate contributions, cash contributions,
failing to properly itemize contributions |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a) Conciliation Agreement: $25,000 civil
penalty Friends of Ronnie Shows violated the Act by:
�1 accepting $53,000 in excessive contributions from individuals;
�2 accepting $3,000 in excessive contributions from political
committees;
�3 accepting a $13,000 contribution in the name of another;
�4 accepting $5,850 in prohibited corporate contributions;
�5 accepting $9,205 in excessive cash contributions
�6 failing to properly itemize contributions from individuals.
(g) Conciliation Agreement: $6,500 civil penalty
Carl L. Nicholson, Jr. violated the Act by making an excessive
contribution of $14,000 to Friends of Ronnie Shows and violated the Act
by making a $13,000 contribution in the name of another.
(l) Conciliation Agreement: $1,900 civil penalty
Lawrence W. Warren violated the Act by making an excessive
contribution of $6,500 to Friends of Ronnie Shows.
(c, o, p, r) No reason to believe
(b, d, e, f, h-j, m, n, ii) Reason to believe, take no further
action, send admonishment letter [re: excessive contributions]
( s-hh) Reason to believe, take no further action, send admonishment
letter [re: corporate contribution]
(k) Reason to believe, take no further action, send admonishment
letter [re: cash contribution]
(jj-yy) Take no action |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5017 or 5205 under
case number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office
at 999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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10. |
MUR 5101 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Yaakov Bender (b) Yeshiva Darchei
Torah
(c) Rita Abrams
(d) Shimon Dachs
(e) Esther Bald
(f) Lynne Gordon
(g) Judah Harbater
(h) Phyllis Lipshitz
(i) Scott Marchuck
(j) Pearl Neufeld
(k) David Presser
(l) Aron Rosenberg
(m) Russell Rothman
(n) Shoshana Strickman
(o) Zelda Volk
(p) Libby Yavne
(q) Meyer Berman
(r) Roger Kahn
(s) Friends of Roger Kahn, Inc., G. Scott Rafshoon, treasurer
(t) Stewart Strickman
(u) Deborah Marchuck
(v) Miriam Rosenberg |
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COMPLAINANT: |
National Republican Congressional
Committee, Donald F. McGahn, II |
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SUBJECT: |
Contributions in the name of another,
corporate contributions |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a) Conciliation Agreement: $14,000 civil
penalty Yaakov Bender violated the Act by assisting Yeshiva Darchei
Torah in making contributions to Friends of Roger Kahn, Inc. in his name
as well as the names of 13 Yeshiva employees.
(b) Take no further action and send admonishment letter
(c-s) Take no further action and close the file
(c-h, j-k, o-p, t-v) Send admonishment letter |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5101 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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11. |
MUR 5173 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Republicans for Choice Political Action
Committee, Ann E. W. Stone (b) Direct Marketing Finance & Escrow, Inc.
(c) Raymond J. Bowie
(d) Ann E.W. Stone & Associates
(e) Saturn Corporation
(f) Valley Press, Inc.
(g) Palmer Technical Services, Inc.
(h) Direct Approach, Inc.
(i) The Widmeyer-Baker Group, Inc.
(j) Diversified Data Processing & Consulting, Inc., dba Diversified
Data & Communications, Inc.
(k) Touch Tone Telemarketing, Inc.
(l) Chicago Telemarketing, Inc.
(m) McCarthy, Marcus, Hennings, Ltd.
(n) Larry McCarthy |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Internal |
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SUBJECT: |
Corporate contributions, excessive
contributions, failing to file accurate reports |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a) Conciliation Agreement: $90,000 civil
penalty Republicans for Choice violated the Act by:
�1 knowingly accepting prohibited contributions in the form of
loans from Direct Marketing Finance & Escrow, Inc. and failing to
properly report the loan;
�2 failing to pay for $282,694 of federal expenditures from its
federal account;
�3 misstating its cash-on-hand, total and itemized receipts, and
disbursements for 1995 and 1996;
�4 failing to identify the occupation and name of employer for
itemized individual contributions; and
�5 reporting adjustments of debts and obligations that did not
occur.
(b-c) Conciliation Agreement: $11,000 civil penalty
Direct Marketing Finance & Escrow, Inc. (DMFE) knowingly and
willfully violated the Act by making prohibited corporate contributions
in the form of loans totaling $398,487. Raymond J. Bowie knowingly and
willfully violated the Act by consenting, as an officer of DMFE, to DMFE
making prohibited corporate contributions in the form of the above
referenced loan.
(a) No probable cause to believe [re: knowingly accepting prohibited
contributions in the form of forgiveness of debt from Saturn Corporation
and Diversified Data Processing & Consulting]
Take no further action [re: corporate contributions from Ann E. W.
Stone & Associates]
(d-e) Take no further action
(j) Reason to believe, but take no further action [re: corporate
contribution]
(f-i, k-l) No reason to believe [re: corporate contribution]
(m-n) No reason to believe [re: excessive contributions] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5173 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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12. |
MUR 5250 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Congressman Tom Davis (b) Congressman
Tom Delay
(c) Congressman Bill Thomas
(d) Congressman Porter Goss
(e) National Republican Congressional Committee, Donna Anderson,
treasurer
(f) Maria Cino
(g) Dan Brouillette
(h) Robert Wood
(i) Tom Scully
(j) Nicholas E. Calio |
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COMPLAINANTS: |
Larry Klayman and Thomas Fitton, Judicial
Watch |
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SUBJECT: |
Meetings in exchange for contributions,
reporting contribution "offsets" |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a-j) No reason to believe [re: any
provision of the Act] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5250 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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13. |
MUR 5260 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Jim Talent (b) Talent for Senate
Committee, Garrett M. Lott, treasurer
(c) Missouri Renewal Political Action Committee, John McKenzie,
treasurer
(d) Jennifer Woodbury
(e) Richard Chrismer
(f) Missouri Republican State Committee, Harvey M. Tettlebaum,
treasurer
(g) Washington University of St. Louis
(h) Arent Fox Kitner Plotkin and Kahn, PLLC
(i) Missouri Hospital Association
(j) National Federation of Independent Businesses
(k) Midwest Manufacturing Technology Corporation
(l) Unigroup, Inc.
(m) Logan College of Chiropractics, Inc.
(n) HBE Corporation
(o) Interlift, Inc.
(p) May Department Stores International, Inc.
(q) Sioux City Truck and Trailer, Inc.
(r) Shaughnessy-Kniep-Hawe Paper Company
(s) Bryan Printing Company
(t) Sandhill Quilting Co., Inc.
(u) Western Press, Inc.
(v) Fry Investment Company
(w) A.J. Brown, Inc.
(x) Abilheira & Ferrare, P.C.
(y) A-Mrazek Moving Systems, Inc.
(z) Tubular Steel Industries, Inc.
(aa) TMP Worldwide, Inc.
(bb) Hunter Engineering Company
(cc) Shilli Corporation
(dd) GFI Digital, Inc.
(ee) Gary Schell
(ff) Robert J. Human |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Michael S. Kelley |
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SUBJECT: |
Corporate contributions, excessive
contributions, failure to report campaign activity |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a-c, e) No reason to believe [re:
corporate contributions, excessive contributions, failure to report
campaign activity] (g, i-dd) No reason to believe [re: corporate
contributions]
(d, h) No reason to believe [re: corporate or excessive
contributions]
(f, ee-ff) No reason to believe [re: excessive contributions] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5260 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
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14. |
MUR 5295 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Subandi Tanuwidjaja (b) Suryanti
Tanuwidjaja
(c) Kyung Hoon "John" Lee
(d) Arief Wiriadinata
(e) Soraya Wiriadinata
(f) Jessica Elnitiarta
(g) Panda Estates Investment, Inc.
(h) Ted Sioeng |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Severed from MUR 4530 |
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SUBJECT: |
Foreign national contributions,
contributions in the name of another |
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DISPOSITION: |
(a-h) Take no further action |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5295 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
The Enforcement Priority System (EPS) rates all incoming cases against
objective criteria to determine whether they warrant use of the Commission�s
limited resources.
Cases dismissed under EPS fall into two categories: low-rated cases and
stale cases. Low rated cases are those that do not warrant use of the
Commission�s resources to pursue because of their lower significance
relative to other pending matters. Stale cases are those that initially
received a higher rating but have remained unassigned for a significant
period due to a lack of staff resources for effective investigation.
Effective enforcement relies upon the timely pursuit of complaints and
referrals to ensure compliance with the law. Investigations concerning
activity more remote in time usually require a greater commitment of
resources, primarily due to the fact that the evidence of such activity
becomes more difficult to develop as it ages. The utility of commencing an
investigation declines as these cases age, until they reach a point when
activation of a case would not be an efficient use of the Commission�s
resources. As cases reach this point, they are recommended for dismissal.
Dismissed - Low Rated
15. |
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MUR 5215 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
(a) Hobson for Congress Committee (b)
Eileen Austria
(c) Chris Galm
(d) Hugh D. Barnett
(e) Ohio Right to Life
(f) Donald Jones |
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COMPLAINANT: |
John R. Mitchel |
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SUBJECT: |
Use of government resources and employees
for campaign activity |
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DISPOSITION: |
(d) No reason to believe [re: any provision
of the Act] |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5215 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
Dismissed - Stale
16. |
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MUR 5042 |
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RESPONDENTS: |
DNC Services Corporation/Democratic
National Committee, Andrew Tobias, treasurer |
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COMPLAINANT: |
Melinda Fabrikant |
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SUBJECT: |
Deposit of soft money into federal account |
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DOCUMENTS ON PUBLIC RECORD: |
Documents from this matter are available
from the Commission�s web site at
fec.gov by entering 5042 under case
number. They are also available in the FEC''''s Public Records Office at
999 E St. NW in Washington. |
*There are four administrative stages to the FEC enforcement process:
1. Receipt of proper complaint |
3. "Probable cause" stage |
2. "Reason to believe" stage |
4. Conciliation stage |
It requires the votes of at least four of the six Commissioners to take
any action. The FEC can close a case at any point after reviewing a
complaint. If a violation is found and conciliation cannot be reached, then
the FEC can institute a civil court action against a respondent.
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